Engines multiple choice questions and answers pdf 101. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Advanced engine trends, challenges and opportunities. After combustion of fuel, much heat energy is generated, this is converted into mechanical energy. In rcci the combustible mixture with two fuels is made before combustion starts early injection of high reactivity fuel. Both peat and coal are still used in electricity generation today. The ecomotors opoc engine is a twostroke, horizontally opposed, twinbore, fourpiston design. Rockefeller started underwriting auto development in the 19th century, the world has been largely fixated on finding new ways to separate liquefied dead stuff into different kinds of fuel, according to the weight of the different parts. As a way to overcome these issues and at the same time keep current car infrastructure, renewable electricity can be used to create synthetic fuels, denoted electrofuels, that are usable in already existing internal combustion engines. Amongst the most prominent alternative fuels to be used in mixturesblends with fossil fuels in internal combustion ic engines are biodiesel, bioethanol, and biomethanol.
When the cycle is completed in one revolution of the crankshaft, it is called two stroke cycle engine construction of an ic engine i. As well as after burning fuel exaust harmful sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide so minimize those harmful compound also fuel composition are added. Alternative fuels is a name given to a specific group of fuel sources in 1992 by the united states department of energy. Pdf internal combustion engines, second edition by v. Diesel fuel oil is the most versatile fuel and is used in ic engines of all sizes. Performance of the ic engine using alternative fuels.
Internal combustion engines provide outstanding drivability and durability, with more than 250 million highway transportation vehicles in the united states relying on them. However, the extensive development of the ic engine, and the existence of repair and maintenance industries associated with piston engines provide strong incentives to remain with this technology until fuel cells are proven reliable and cost competitive. Internal combustion engine basics department of energy. In this type of engines, the gaseous fuels like natural gas, biogas, are used. The share of vehicles with internal combustion engines exceeds 95% globally. Combustion is the conversion of a substance called a fuel into chemical compounds known as products of combustion by combination with an oxidizer. Diesel fuels are the conventional fuels for ci engines.
Because of the difference in burn rates between the two different fuels, petrol engines are mechanically designed with different timing than diesels, so to autoignite a petrol engine causes the expansion of gas inside the cylinder to reach its greatest point before the cylinder has reached the top dead center t. Fuels alternative from diesel and petrol reduce the efficieny of the system since energy is lost in the fuel production. The rated power of these engines covers a rather substantial range, up to 250 horsepower hp for gasoline engines and up to 600 hp for diesel engines. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Questions on ic engines with answers jan notes 50141 views 58 comments on questions on ic engines with answers an automobile engineer or a mechanical engineer is required to go through the depths of the ic engine portion as they might have to answer a numerous questions be it in the interview or in academics. Lpg engines use a mix of fuel injection systems and closed loop carburetors.
Diesel is used as the fuel in ci engines because it possesses the qualities that are desired from the fuel. Wood was also extensively used to run steam locomotives. Other internal combustion engines like jet engines use burners, and rocket engines use various different. Gasoline is used primarily for mobile and portable engines. Validation of automated to manual ignition processing techniques over two different types. Internal combustion engines, second edition written by v ganesan is very useful for mechanical engineering mech students and also who are all having an interest to develop their knowledge in the field of design, automobile, production, thermal engineering as well as all the works related to mechanical field. Solid fuels have been used by humanity for many years to create fire. Gasoline or petrol is the most common fuel used in cars today. This question seems fairly simple but believe me it is incredibly complex. They power cars, lawnmowers, helicopters, and so on. A hmh flame speed is obtained in diesel engine when air fuel ratio is a uniform throughout the mixture b chemically correct mixture c about 35% rich mixture d about 10% rich mixture e about 10% lean mixture. A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device.
It is this reason that even the ic engines are broadly classified into two types. Review of fuels for internal combustion engines in the aspect of economy, performance, environment and sustainability article pdf available january 2009 with 12,436 reads how we measure reads. The new european legislation euro 6 proposes a target for gasoline engines similar to the current pn regulation for diesel engines. Together with the development in gas injector technology, it has become possible to control precisely the injection of hydrogen for safe operation. Questions on ic engines with answers and proper diagrams. Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines intechopen. Combustion is initiated by an electric discharge by the spark plug. Calorific value of fuel is the total quantity of heat liberated when a unit mass or volume of fuel is completely burnt. F and hence cooling of an ic engine is highly essential. Ic engines electrification of the vehicle adds opportunities for further combustion and engine optimization, energy diversity, different fuels, and novel ic engines engine load brake mean effective pressure bar fuel consumption bsfc gkwhr engine speed rpm upperbound efficiency improvement estimated. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the hightemperature and highpressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. Comparison between battery electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles fueled by electrofuels. Ic engines electrification of the vehicle adds opportunities for further combustion and engine optimization, energy diversity, different fuels, and novel ic engines engine load brake mean effective pressure bar fuel consumption bsfc gkwhr engine speed rpm.
Jan 19, 2018 this is the list of different types of engines that are used in cars. This specialized fossil fuel is designed for fourstroke engines like the ones found in common cars. A fuel cell produces electricity, water and heat using fuel and oxygen in the air. I c engines cannot use solid fuels wi c engines cannot use solid fuels which are cheaper. Testing of internal combustion engines 173 discharge this mass of fuel being noted.
Internal combustion ic engine fundamentals and performance metrics, computer modeling supported by indepth understanding of fundamental. Nov 22, 20 internal combustion engines provide outstanding drivability and durability, with more than 250 million highway transportation vehicles in the united states relying on them. The use of alcohol and cotton oil as alternative fuels for internal combustion engines w as investigated by n an et al. It is shown in table 1 that there are 27 literatures to study the effect of pure biodiesel on engine power, and 70. It is two to three times more efficient than an internal combustion engine in converting fuel to power. In this section, the effects of natural gas, hydrogen. The largest reciprocating ic are low speed ci engines of this type. Hydrocarbons in liquid form alcohols methanol, ethanol lpg propane and butane natural gas methane hydrogen classification of engine fuels liquid hydrocarbons fuels are mainly mixtures of hydrocarbons, with bonds between carbon atoms and between hydrogen and carbon atoms. In this work the effect of different fuels on engine per. Internal combustion engines and alternative fuels nrcs usda.
Water is the only emission when hydrogen is the fuel. Six types of fuels used in todays vehicles it still runs. The rating of fuels is done by defining two parameters called octane number and cetane number for gasoline and diesel oil respectively. In rotary engines, a rotor rotates inside the engine to produce. Fuels are any material that store potential energy in forms, which upon burning in oxygen liberates heat energy. Generally fuels rating is given for their antiknock qualities. It is seen from the table that the autoignition temperature of hydrogen is more as compared to both gasoline and diesel. Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines sciencedirect. The most reliable method of measuring the gas consumption of a gas engine is to pass the gas through a graduated gas holder from which it is drawn by the engine. Some of the drawbacks of fossil fuels are the pollution factor and its limited availability. In continuous ic in continuous ic engines engines engines products of products of combustion of the fuel entercombustion of the fuel enterenterssss into the prime into the prime mover as the mover as the working fluid.
Jun 07, 2019 how any why different types of engines work. Engines are designed to run on fuels that meet certain standards in terms of chemical and physical properties quality of fuel can affect engine durability to understand the attendant illeffect of fuels that used for ic engine on environment and human health depletion of petroleum based fuel for ic engine from time to time 2. These are housed in the circumferential grooves provided on the outer surface of the piston and made of steel alloys which retain elastic properties even at high temperature. Being used in the automobile industry widely, they are also used in various machines in industries, and in generators. Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions. The study aimed at b etter understandin g of the fuel properties o f. So here is my answer short answer ic engines are dead end in future. Ethanol can be used as pure fuel or mixed with different fuels in internal combustion engines.
In order to preserve the cost advantage of the gasoline over the diesel engines it is necessary to find cost effective. As a fuel, methane, in its gas form, has to be compressed cng to be used in vehicles. Comparison of various properties of primary alcohol with gasoline and. For increase engine efficiency or engine durability fuel quality and property are directly affected. It is estimated that about 40% of total heat produced is passed to atmosphere via exhaust, 30% is removed by cooling and about 30% is used to produce power. Gasoline allows for quick starting, fast acceleration, easy combustion and quiet operation, according to the university of michigan website on fossil fuels. Larger gasoline engines such as used in cars have mostly moved to fuel injection systems. Some of the desired characteristics of these fuels are. Heavy fuels have long, complex chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms, and lighter fuels. Coal is another wellknown fossil fuel which is used in electric power generation and was used to run train engines once upon a time. Fuels for internal combustion engines hancsok major.
Alternate fuels play an essential role in the present scenario in internal combustion engines. Thus combustion may be represented symbolically by. Aug 25, 2016 in this article we will learn about different types of engine. The classification of the engines depends upon the types of fuel used, cycle of operation, number of stroke, type of ignition, number of cylinders, arrangement of cylinders, valve arrangement, types of cooling etc. Required quality of fuel for compression ignition ci systems.
Internal combustion ic engine fundamentals and performance metrics, computer modeling supported by in depth understanding of fundamental. In rcci the combustible mixture with two fuels is made before combustion starts. The world is facing a huge problem of high fuel prices, air pollution and a lot of climatic changes. Oh boy whoever asked this question it is a brilliant one. Pdf download v ganesan by internal combustion engines, second edition. In order to preserve the cost advantage of the gasoline over the diesel engines it is necessary to find cost effective solutions without additional aftertreatment systems. An internal combustion engine ice is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer usually air in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Only liquid or gaseous fuel ly liquid or gaseous fuel of given specification can be efficiently used.
Internal combustion engines, more popularly known as ic engines, are the ones in which the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine block itself. In case of the ci engine the burning of fuel occurs due to compression of air. Alternative fuels, known as nonconventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like. Apr 10, 2016 generally fuels rating is given for their antiknock qualities. Cng is mostly used in heavyduty or commercial vehicles. Coal was the fuel source which enabled the industrial revolution, from firing furnaces, to running steam engines. Apr 18, 2017 oh boy whoever asked this question it is a brilliant one. Pdf alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Figure 1 shows the different components of ic engine. Internal combustion engines ic engines are pretty ubiquitous today.
What are the scopes for alternative fuel for ic engines in. For example, with wood gas, we find that we lose 25% efficiency production is 75% efficient. Due to this fact they are called spark ignition engines. Jan 23, 2017 fuels are any material that store potential energy in forms, which upon burning in oxygen liberates heat energy. Fuels suitable for fast chemical reaction have to be used in ic engines. Characteristics and properties of fuels me mechanical. Along with gasoline or diesel, they can also utilize renewable or alternative fuels e.
The design was later used on fairbanks morse submarine and locomotive engines, grey marine and detroit diesel engines and german junker aircraft engines during world war ii. The combustion process is an exothermic chemical reaction, i. Types of alternative fuels include biodiesel, electricity, methanol and ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane and new fuels still. Alternative fuels for spark ignition engines bentham open. High reactivity ci engine like fuel is sprayed and act as the combustion initating fuel.
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